Smart Buildings
Smart Buildings
Authors:
onkar.kulkarni21@vit.edu(35)
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Introduction:
A smart building integrates a variety of building-wide systems, such as HVAC, lighting, alarms, and security, into a single IT-managed network infrastructure. To achieve this convergence, it applies foundational technology such as Power over Ethernet (PoE). Smart buildings give us more control over the surroundings and operations of a building.
In this blog we will learn about smart buildings and its applications.
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What is Smart buildings:
In order to simplify their use, smart buildings use wireless connections to record and share data about the building's operations (such as water use, heating, and other utilities). Users can use this information to remotely control resources, automate procedures, and gain a better understanding of when and what resources are being used.
Smart buildings employ Internet of Things (IoT) devices—sensors, software, and online connectivity—to monitor various building attributes, analyze data, and provide insights about usage patterns and trends that may be used to manage the building's environment and operations.
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Need of Smart Buildings:
Smart buildings reduce waste, improve security, and help users save money. Managers can reevaluate their use and prioritize other features if they know which offices, meeting rooms, or floors are underutilized. They may decide to rearrange seating or rent out a section of the office. At the very least, they can automate or switch off heating and lighting systems when not in use, saving money and promoting a more sustainable lifestyle.
Buildings have a significant impact on the energy consumption of many developed and developing countries. Buildings, for example, consume 70% of the power and 40% of the energy in the United States each year. Since 1978, China's energy consumption in buildings has increased from 10% to 25% of total national energy consumption, and it is expected to rise by 35% annually in the coming years.
Building management is an important component of smart buildings because it aims to operate them according to user needs, such as comfort for people, energy efficiency, mobility systems, security for people's needs, maintenance that takes care of all facilities automatically, monitoring and stability of operations, and insight into future needs.
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Smart Building Technologies
Sensors:
The core technology that sets smart buildings apart from traditional structures are the sensors that are constantly collecting data. They track and record everything, including occupancy, the amount of traffic to specific rooms, and the weather outside.
Energy Efficiency Technologies:
Data collected both inside and outside the building can assist property owners in determining how efficient and cost-effective their energy use is. When a room is unoccupied, lights and heaters can be configured to switch off automatically. Sensors track the location of occupants in one museum in Washington, D.C., turning on lights and video in exhibitions only when people are present.
Safety measures:
Sensors also have the potential to monitor structural integrity and even anticipate power outages, ensuring elevators don’t get stuck between floors or appliances don’t short-circuit during power surges.
Smart Security Systems:
Smart security solutions improve facility security while reducing the dangers associated with traditional keys and door locks. They include remote access control, key card access, and doors that can be locked remotely, with an administrator able to track and programme door unlocks at any time. You may even control who has access to which rooms.
Intelligent Lightning:
Lighting that adapts to the preferences of employees can boost productivity. It can also be adjusted throughout the day to mimic natural sunlight, which may help regulate the user's circadian rhythm, or sleep-wake cycle, improving sleep quality and overall health.
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Energy Efficiency Model For Smart Buildings:
An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based model has been employed as one of the techniques for predicting indoor temperature on the development. The first phase includes considering both the indoor and outdoor temperatures, and the second involves making a temperature estimate for the room center based only on the temperature of the inside.
The advantages of downgrading the demand for electricity on the central grid are to be qualified to loosen the burden and the charges of raising the usual grid framework can be degraded as a figure of expanding the commission of energy requisition. Living habitudes are also a factor in decreasing family electricity needs. Without totally modifying life patterns, the wider the time window the task had, the more cost savings could be increased and the cutbacks to peak demand could be further increased.
Smart Building Sensing System:
Many studies have conducted a comprehensive assessment of Optimum energy-saving management based on the building sensors, air quality, visual comfort, and indoor thermal comfort in the built environment.
By understanding indoor environment quality multiple sensors are used and occupancy detection in the built environment. Understanding this very clearly in the built environment possibly enhances energy savings. There are three types
of sensors that exist based on smart building operations. The occupancy sensor in the built environment is the first Type. In the second category, indoor sensors are listed used to find the environmental parameters of buildings.
The Integration of Smart Building into a Smart City:
It was revealed in the analysis that for the whole smart building integration into smart city platform the most important issue is the recommendation of the smart person domain used by all functions provided in smart app buildings and vice versa smart's recommendations hardware features must be enabled, smart building services, and to service surrounding systems. Smart construction is used.
For this reason, due to the relationship between the concept Smart building and smart city, five areas of smart city selected, with consideration of smart buildings in Key aspects of mutual connectivity and digital platforms formed in
Smart cities: smart energy, smart life, smart mobile, smart
data and intelligent environment.
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Examples of Smart Buildings
The Edge - Amsterdam
The Edge has received the highest sustainability score ever awarded by the British agency BREEAM: 98.4 percent. Its exterior is made of solar panels, which produce more electricity than the building consumes each day, and advanced ventilation, which consists of mesh panels in each floor that allow hot air to rise to the ceiling, mimicking the airflow outdoors. It's linked to an app that directs guests to parking spots, locates desks based on individual schedules, and automatically adjusts the lighting and temperature for each space that a guest enters. [3]
Apple Park - Cupertino
Apple’s corporate headquarters were bound to involve cutting edge design, and they don’t disappoint. The ring-shaped building, which can hold 12,000 employees and is open to the public, was entirely custom built. It is regarded as one of the most energy-efficient structures in the world. Temperature is controlled by high-tech ventilation as well as tubes installed in the ceilings and floors to keep things cool. It is estimated to be worth more than $4 billion, resulting in a $ 40 million property tax.[4]
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Conclusion:
Self-powered buildings are a promising solution, where each building can produce its own energy without the need for an external source. As such, the building can be considered an autonomous unit, self-sufficient in energy without the need to build or invest in transmission and distribution infrastructure. The only limitations and obstacles to achieving such a self-sufficient building are the low efficiency of renewable energy technologies and the high price of batteries.
Residential capacity inside smart building can be obtained in various ways, including over Wi-Fi monitoring, sensor monitoring, camera monitoring, Sensor and camera-based monitoring and the use of mobile devices occupation monitoring technology. occupancy monitoring important because it not only improves energy
effective but also comfortable to use.
References:
1.A. Latifah, S. H. Supangkat and A. Ramelan, "Smart Building: A Literature Review," 2020 International Conference on ICT for Smart Society (ICISS), 2020, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/ICISS50791.2020.9307552.
2.P. Luh, "Smart buildings," 2014 13th International Conference on Control Automation Robotics & Vision (ICARCV), 2014, pp. 1-1, doi: 10.1109/ICARCV.2014.7064476.
3.The Edge Is the Greenest, Most Intelligent Building in the World (bloomberg.com)
[4]Smart Buildings: Technology and IoT Solutions in 2022 (getkisi.com)
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